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 Kozi Checks & Balances TaxTactics News 
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January 30.2025
2 Minutes Read

Understanding the Impact of Remote Work on State Taxes for Nonresidents

Woman considering state taxes for nonresidents in a sunlit home office.

The New Era of Remote Work and Tax Complexity

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals are embracing remote and hybrid work models. This shift in our workspace dynamics has not only changed how we interact with work but also the complexities surrounding taxation, particularly for those who find themselves working across state lines. Recent studies from Pew Research reveal that a remarkable 75% of adults with job options to work from home are doing so part-time or full-time. This transformation leads to a new set of tax implications, especially when it comes to individuals who may not reside in the state where their employer is based but still earn income from that state.

Navigating Nonresident Individual Income Tax Requirements

As remote work flourishes, nonresident tax laws are becoming more cumbersome than ever. Often, these laws require individuals to navigate through a plethora of state-specific regulations that govern income tax obligations. States typically impose taxes on individuals who may have minimal physical presence but still earn wages through remote work. The result? A complex and often burdensome system that places a significant compliance burden on both workers and employers.

Future Outlook: Simplicity and Fairness

Despite these challenges, there is a silver lining as some states begin to explore reforms aimed at simplifying nonresident tax obligations. By implementing day-based filing thresholds and reciprocity agreements, states can ease the administrative burden on those working remotely. While significant revenue concerns often complicate these efforts, the long-term benefits of tax reforms encouraging simplicity and neutrality cannot be overstated. Making the tax systems more accessible and less punitive may lead many workers, especially those in the increasingly hybrid workforce, to feel less penalized by their state tax regimes.

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10.31.2025

Exploring Your State's Tax Competitiveness Index: What You Need to Know

Update Your State's Tax Future: Insights from the 2026 Tax Competitiveness Index The recently released 2026 State Tax Competitiveness Index offers a comprehensive overview of how various state tax systems perform compared to one another. This year’s edition, building upon two decades of assessments, represents a refined methodology that now evaluates states not just on business tax climates but overall tax competitiveness. Understanding the Rankings At the top of this year’s index is Wyoming, closely followed by South Dakota and New Hampshire. These states have effectively structured their tax systems, often by forgoing one or more major taxes, like individual income tax or corporate tax—which contributes to their strong performance. For instance, both Wyoming and South Dakota do not levy an individual income tax, providing them with a competitive edge that significantly attracts businesses and fosters economic growth. On the other end of the spectrum, states like New Jersey, California, and New York consistently rank at the bottom due to higher tax burdens and more complex tax structures. High property taxes, multiple tax brackets, and stringent regulations compound these states' difficulties in attracting new business investments. The Importance of Methodology This version of the Index boosts transparency by integrating over 150 variables across five main tax categories: corporate taxes, individual income taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, and unemployment insurance taxes. Notably, this year the Tax Foundation backcasted the rankings for six years, better reflecting the effects of recent changes in tax policy. Changes such as the elimination of the individual income tax in New Hampshire have improved its position significantly, illustrating how state tax reforms can lead to changes in overall competitiveness. Readers and policymakers are encouraged to utilize the interactive features of the Index to compare states, assess specific tax types, and explore potential reforms relevant to their needs. The Future of State Tax Policy As lawmakers begin to examine their state’s rankings, it may be a catalyst for discussions about tax reforms. Policymakers should heed the Index’s findings as a roadmap for improvement. For instance, states that have maintained strong tax structures despite lower revenues can offer valuable lessons in strategic tax policies that encourage economic vibrancy. As we navigate through these fiscal landscapes, it’s crucial to remember that tax systems have far-reaching impacts on local communities and businesses. Thus, engaging with these findings can lead to actionable insights that may further enhance economic opportunities for residents. Conclusion As taxpayers, business leaders, and policymakers, understanding tax competitiveness is crucial for fostering an economic environment conducive to growth and improvement. This year’s Index provides an essential framework for evaluating and reforming state tax structures. If you’re interested in how your state ranks and the strategies it can adopt, dive into the interactive **State Tax Competitiveness Index** for more insights!

10.30.2025

Illinois Unrealized Gains Tax: Rapid Legislation with Huge Consequences

Update Unrealized Gains Tax: A Controversial Proposal on the Fast Track In the midst of a hectic legislative session, Illinois lawmakers have taken the unusual step of pushing forward the Extremely High Wealth Mark-to-Market Tax Act, set to impose a 4.95% tax on unrealized gains of billionaires. This tax, which targets assets that haven’t been sold and thus aren’t liquid cash, could have a profound impact not just on wealth distribution but also on the state’s economy moving forward. The Mechanics of the Proposed Tax This proposal aims to tax a wide range of assets, including stocks, bonds, and even stakes in private businesses. Billionaires would be required to pay taxes annually on these assets based on their current market value, regardless of whether they’ve made any actual profit from selling them. Consider a tech entrepreneur who has a company worth over a billion dollars; if that’s on paper but the business isn’t yet profitable, they would still owe taxes on that paper wealth. This raises significant questions about liquidity and the real financial strain such a tax might impose on business owners. How Does This Affect Investment? The swift passage of this legislation in under 48 hours could precipitate a seismic shift in investment dynamics in Illinois. With the possibility of taxing paper gains, wealthier residents may be incentivized to relocate to states with less burdensome tax regimes. Already, experts anticipate that a significant uptick in taxpayer migration could follow the enactment of the unrealized gains tax, further depleting state revenues over the long run. Moreover, businesses may curtail their growth initiatives out of fear that new taxes could outpace their earnings. A Complex Taxation System The Illinois constitution prohibits taxing personal property, meaning that this tax is being presented as an income tax. Many argue that while capital gains are typically viewed as income once realized, taxing them before they are even sold introduces a host of complications—not least of which is that it could lead to over-taxation due to inflation. Essentially, taxpayers would be charged on gains that haven't yet been realized as income, a move that has never been employed in any tax system globally. With intrinsic challenges in assessing the real value of privately held and intangible assets, the tax collectors could face substantial difficulties in the practical administration of this tax. Community Impact and Future Implications This proposed tax, while targeting billionaires, could have unforeseen consequences for local communities and the economy at large. Wealthy residents contribute significantly to state and local revenues. Should they choose to relocate, not only could the state see a drop in significant tax revenues, it might also impact charitable contributions and community investments that help many grassroots initiatives thrive. Conclusion: Why You Should Care The implications of the mark-to-market tax in Illinois extend beyond the state’s billionaires. This taxation model could redefine economic engagement and investment strategies. Understanding these changes is crucial for residents who might be affected directly or indirectly. If you're invested in Illinois' economic future, keep a close eye on this critical discussion, as the implications of this proposed tax could alter the local landscape for years to come.

10.24.2025

Texas Proposition 9 Seeks to Empower Small Businesses with Tax Exemption

Update Texas Proposition 9: A Step Toward Empowering Small BusinessIn the realm of property taxes, growing concerns over the burdens placed on local businesses have prompted innovative legislative actions. A significant focus is now on Texas Proposition 9, which aims to amend the state constitution to increase the personal property tax exemption to $125,000 for small businesses. This measure reflects a growing recognition of the need to support small and mid-sized businesses, a vital segment of Texas's economy.Understanding the Impact of Personal Property TaxesProperty taxes are a primary funding source for state and local governments in the U.S., assisting in financing essential services such as education and public safety. However, the taxation of personal property, which includes tangible items like equipment and machinery, places an additional burden on businesses, particularly smaller entities without extensive resources.Bridging the Gap: Reducing Compliance BurdensThe current Texas law allows only a small exemption of $2,500 for business personal property. By moving to a more generous $125,000 exemption, Proposition 9 aims to alleviate the intricate compliance requirements and costs that small businesses often cannot afford. As highlighted in a study from Connecticut, such exemptions can profoundly impact businesses: a mere $10,000 exemption could relieve 46% of businesses while minimally affecting overall tax revenues.Lessons from Other StatesSimilar reforms in states like Indiana and Rhode Island have paved the way for Texas to consider more competitive tax structures. Indiana's recent increase in its tangible personal property exemption from $20,000 to $40,000 saw significant relief without greatly affecting tax revenues. These examples illustrate the potential benefits of amending Texas's tax framework to favor small businesses.Conclusion: A Promising Vote AheadThe impending vote on Proposition 9, set for November 4, 2025, encourages voters to consider the vital role small businesses play in the state's economy. By voting in favor of this measure, Texans have an opportunity to ease the financial burdens on local businesses, fostering an environment where they can thrive and contribute more dynamically to their communities. This initiative not only aims to boost the economy but also to strengthen the fabric of Texas's local communities.

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