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 Kozi Checks & Balances TaxTactics News 
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March 21.2025
2 Minutes Read

Exploring Reform Options for Inflation Reduction Act Tax Credits

U.S. Capitol dome and American flag symbolizing Inflation Reduction Act reforms.

Understanding the Inflation Reduction Act

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) aims to address the steadily rising prices of goods and services, commonly known as inflation. This act introduced new tax breaks intended to support various sectors, especially green energy. However, with projected costs far exceeding earlier estimates, policymakers find themselves at a crossroads. How to reform these initiatives to better serve the economy while curbing potential excesses is a topic of intense debate.

Current Landscape of Tax Credits

Debate around the IRA centers on its green energy tax credits, which many argue are essential for promoting sustainable practices. Yet, the financial implications are significant—current estimates suggest that these credits may cost up to $1.97 trillion over a decade. This brings forth the dilemma: do these credits justify their cost, or is it time to rethink their effectiveness?

The Repeal Debate: A Double-Edged Sword

Full repeal of the IRA's green energy tax credits could potentially generate $851 billion between 2025 and 2034. Yet, there are mixed opinions surrounding this approach. While some lawmakers advocate for total repeal, others suggest a more nuanced strategy—retaining successful programs while eliminating those that fall short. House Speaker Mike Johnson articulated this balance succinctly, stating the reform should be “somewhere between a scalpel and a sledgehammer.”

Potential Benefits of Reform

Revising or repealing ineffective tax credits may help allocate government resources more wisely. The key question is whether replacing or repealing these initiatives will stimulate more substantial economic growth without exacerbating the current inflationary pressures. Discussions focus on reallocating funds to areas that can yield immediate benefits for taxpayers and communities.

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12.11.2025

Unpacking the OBBBA: A Close Look at Debt, Deficits, and Tax Revenue

Update Understanding the OBBBA's Fiscal Impact and Future TrendsThe One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), set against a backdrop of rising national debt and ongoing economic challenges, is entering the fiscal dialogue with significant implications for the future of U.S. economic health. As projections suggest that public debt could soar to 124% of GDP by 2034, it's essential to unpack how this legislation interacts with existing fiscal dynamics.What Does the OBBBA Entail?At its core, the OBBBA represents a substantial tax cut—estimated at $5 trillion over the next decade. While this sounds promising as it aims to stimulate economic growth by reducing individual income tax rates, it adds a layer of complexity due to its potential to escalate national deficits. According to recent modeling, even accounting for spending reforms, the OBBBA is projected to increase the deficit by approximately $3.8 trillion, which puts additional strain on the already rising debt levels.Implications for Tax Revenue and Deficit SpendingThe act's design ensures it is impactful, but it poses questions regarding sustainability. It's projected to boost GDP modestly by 1.2%, enhancing economic conditions but creating a higher deficit-to-GDP ratio. When considering historical trendlines of revenue—which is expected to average around 18% of GDP—there's a clear indicator that if spending cuts are not balanced effectively, we could face severe fiscal cliffs that threaten financial stability.Potential Tariff Benefits Against Debt IncreaseMoreover, the introduction of new tariffs under the Trump administration may offset some costs of the OBBBA, providing an additional $2.1 trillion in revenue, reducing the net increase in deficits to about $1.4 trillion. However, these tariffs also carry their own economic implications, potentially leading to tariff-induced inflation and challenges for consumer spending, complicating the economic landscape further.Future Outlook and RecommendationsLawmakers are encouraged to consider healthcare and old-age programs that significantly contribute to the nation’s debt as they navigate impending fiscal policies. Crafting a bipartisan fiscal commission could be a prudent step towards addressing these critical long-term issues. Ensuring that the economic growth promised by the OBBBA is sustainable is vital for protecting the fiscal health of the country and avoiding a crisis that might necessitate drastic adjustments in the future.

12.09.2025

Navigating the NCTI Tax Surprise: What States Are Missing

Update Why State Taxation of NCTI Might Surprise You The new tax on net controlled foreign corporation-tested income (NCTI) is making waves in state tax codes across the nation, yet many taxpayers might find themselves blindsided by unexpected charges. Despite prior exclusions of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) tax in states like Iowa, Kansas, New Hampshire, and Tennessee, the transition to NCTI could see these states unwittingly start taxing this income due to how they have defined their exclusions. Lawmakers might be caught off guard as legislation evolves, potentially revealing a hidden tax burden in state funding. Decoupling from GILTI: A Double-Edged Sword The effort to decouple from GILTI in some states was initially a relief for taxpayers, reflecting a policy aimed at avoiding unnecessary taxation on foreign income. Yet, as outlined in the recent changes proposed by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), states risk falling into a trap of implementing a new tax regime that could be even more burdensome. Without explicit efforts to adjust for NCTI, states could inadvertently adopt a tax that encompasses all income associated with foreign subsidiaries, even when those entities are subject to hefty foreign taxes. The Tax Code Complexity: Understanding the NCTI Landscape For the average taxpayer, decoding the intricacies of NCTI taxation can feel daunting. Under the OBBBA, the rules have shifted considerably, leading to questions about how states will interpret their tax codes. For instance, while some states have excluded GILTI by names, such as the exclusion from certain IRC sections, NCTI's introduction adds a new layer of complexity, particularly with regards to how much foreign income can be taxed without appropriate credit provisions in place. The Impacts of State Taxation: Implications for Businesses Taxing NCTI at the state level could push businesses operating in high-tax foreign jurisdictions to rethink their strategies. Companies might consider shifting more of their operations outside states that adopt aggressive taxation on foreign income, thereby potentially diminishing their local economic contributions. Furthermore, the lack of foreign tax credits at the state level could deter businesses from settling or expanding their bases of operation in states that seek to tax NCTI, creating long-term implications for economic growth and job creation. What Can Taxpayers Do? As the discussion surrounding NCTI unfolds, taxpayers should remain vigilant and proactive. It is beneficial to consult with tax professionals who understand these nuances and can help navigate potential challenges. Taxpayers might find opportunities to voice their concerns to state lawmakers before any hasty implementations take place. Engaging in dialogues surrounding the equity of taxing international income will ensure that the implications of these decisions are well understood by all parties involved. Stay Updated on the Evolving Tax Landscape As taxpayers face new challenges brought about by NCTI, staying informed will be critical. Subscribing to tax updates or seeking regular counsel from trusted financial advisors will equip individuals and businesses alike with the knowledge necessary to navigate this shifting terrain effectively.

12.04.2025

Why Modernizing PL 86-272 is Crucial for Today's Digital Economy

Update Modernizing PL 86-272: Adapting to Today's Economy Since its inception in 1959, Public Law 86-272 has stood as a crucial defender for businesses engaged in interstate commerce, shielding them from state income taxes when their activities are limited to soliciting orders for tangible goods. As we embrace a more digital marketplace, it's clear that the law needs a facelift to accommodate the nuances of modern commerce, including service and digital product sales. Understanding the Evolution of Commerce The original intent of PL 86-272 was to facilitate commerce without the complex tax burdens that could stifle businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. However, today's realities—where software and digital tools drive engagement—demand a broader understanding of what "soliciting orders" entails. For example, when a company uses chatbots to provide customer support, is that merely solicitation? This evolving definition could shape tax obligations for many businesses operating online. A Patchwork of State Reactions States are responding differently to these changes. For instance, New York recently upheld its interpretation of PL 86-272 to include online interactions, which could subject businesses to income tax liabilities for activities that were previously considered protected. California’s legal struggles reflect the ongoing debate, as courts have challenged new guidance regarding digital business activities. This patchwork approach creates uncertainty for businesses trying to remain compliant while adapting their practices to fit into this broader interpretation. Potential Consequences of Inaction If Congress doesn't modernize PL 86-272 to encompass the service economy and address the complexities of digital commerce, businesses may face unpredictability and rising compliance costs. The law must protect those engaged in modern selling practices just as it did for traditional merchants decades ago. Without legislative updates, the landscape may grow murky, and small businesses could be disproportionately impacted by increased scrutiny and compliance requirements. Updating PL 86-272 isn't just a bureaucratic necessity—it's a vital step toward ensuring fair commerce in America. By embracing modernization, lawmakers can provide clarity and confidence for businesses navigating an increasingly interconnected digital world.

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