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 Kozi Checks & Balances TaxTactics News 
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March 13.2025
3 Minutes Read

Congress Faces Critical Decisions on US International Corporate Tax Reforms

International flags waving under a clear sky symbolizing global unity in tax reforms.

The Future of US International Corporate Tax Policy

As we navigate through 2025, Congress is faced with the monumental task of addressing international corporate tax reforms largely influenced by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017. International tax policy in the United States has evolved significantly since then, aiming to foster competitiveness while protecting the tax base from foreign profit-shifting. However, scheduled changes in tax provisions and global agreements, particularly the OECD's Pillar Two initiative, call into question the effectiveness of existing policies.

Waning Benefits of the Pillar Two Agreement

The Pillar Two agreement sets a global minimum tax rate of 15%, aimed at curbing aggressive tax competition among nations. Unfortunately, many believe this initiative may offer limited advantages for the US due to its distinct economic landscape. Unlike smaller economies that rely on low tax rates to attract business, the US is less sensitive to profit shifting due to its substantial domestic market and robust multinational corporations.

As highlighted in a bipartisan analysis, the projected revenue impact from these TCJA tax changes through 2027 sits at an impressive +$324 billion overall. However, the specifics of policies like Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) and Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) raise critical questions about their long-term viability. Anticipated tax rate increases could potentially negate what little revenue these areas have generated.

Stress Testing the TCJA Reforms

Since its inception, the TCJA's reform of international corporate income tax has emphasized the dual goals of attracting domestic and foreign investments while addressing tax avoidance strategies. Yet new studies reveal modifications under the TCJA, including GILTI and Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT), could inadvertently hinder cross-border investments. These provisions, originally thought to simplify compliance, are proving complex and costly for businesses, further complicating the tax landscape.

Looking Forward: Legislative Opportunities

As lawmakers consider an overhaul of these tax codes, it becomes increasingly vital to engage stakeholders in both the public and private sectors. The conversations around these reforms need to ensure a balanced approach that not only enhances competitiveness but also creates a tax system that encourages fair investment in both domestic and international markets.

Engaging with local communities is more important than ever. Understanding how these taxes affect grassroots businesses and the economy can shape a fairer and more effective tax policy. Policymakers must navigate these challenges thoughtfully, referring to the lessons learned from past reforms while proactively addressing the evolving economic environment.

Implications of Policy Changes

Ultimately, any adjustments to the international tax system will ripple through the economy, affecting local businesses and the communities they support. The importance of fostering an environment where businesses can thrive cannot be overstated. It is essential that we maintain a clear line of communication throughout these discussions to balance the various needs and priorities of all stakeholders.

As we approach these pivotal tax reforms, we invite our readers and community members to stay informed about the changes that may impact them and reach out to local representatives with their perspectives and needs. Engaging in this dialogue is crucial for building a tax system that truly benefits all.

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03.25.2025

Examining North Carolina's Tax Proposal: Will It Truly Help Workers?

Update North Carolina's Bold Tax Proposal: A Closer LookAs North Carolina’s House Bill 11 gains momentum, it sparks discussions around tax fairness and equity. The bill, which aims to exempt income taxes on tips, overtime, and certain bonuses, mirrors strategies previously championed by former President Trump. Proponents argue that this will provide much-needed relief for workers in the service industry, but the implications of such a move raise important questions.Understanding the Impact on WorkersHouse Bill 11 targets tipped workers like waitstaff and hairstylists, claiming to assist those struggling with their finances. However, only about 125,000 out of 4.9 million workers in the state are in jobs where tipping is customary. This narrow focus overlooks a substantial segment of low-income earners who may not benefit from this tax exemption. For instance, many hardworking North Carolinians who earn a fixed salary or work set hours could end up facing increased tax burdens, creating a situation of unfairness without justification.Economic Consequences of Favoritism in Tax PoliciesA key issue arises when comparing the financial scenarios of two individuals: Tracy, a secretary earning her income solely from wages, and Bob, a waiter who earns a combination of wages and tips. If HB 11 passes, while Tracy’s tax burden remains unchanged, Bob could see a significant reduction in his tax liability, making his situation much more financially favorable. Such preferential treatment not only creates disparities among workers but also disrupts the tax balance necessary for a fair economy.Looking Ahead: The Risks and RewardsWhile the intention behind HB 11 might be to support struggling workers, it risks becoming a flawed policy that rewards certain income types over others arbitrarily. The potential consequences could include a less equitable tax system that inadvertently harms those it aims to help. As this bill progresses, North Carolinians must consider the broader implications of such tax changes, balancing immediate aid with long-term economic health.

03.21.2025

Exploring Reform Options for Inflation Reduction Act Tax Credits

Update Understanding the Inflation Reduction ActThe Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) aims to address the steadily rising prices of goods and services, commonly known as inflation. This act introduced new tax breaks intended to support various sectors, especially green energy. However, with projected costs far exceeding earlier estimates, policymakers find themselves at a crossroads. How to reform these initiatives to better serve the economy while curbing potential excesses is a topic of intense debate.Current Landscape of Tax CreditsDebate around the IRA centers on its green energy tax credits, which many argue are essential for promoting sustainable practices. Yet, the financial implications are significant—current estimates suggest that these credits may cost up to $1.97 trillion over a decade. This brings forth the dilemma: do these credits justify their cost, or is it time to rethink their effectiveness?The Repeal Debate: A Double-Edged SwordFull repeal of the IRA's green energy tax credits could potentially generate $851 billion between 2025 and 2034. Yet, there are mixed opinions surrounding this approach. While some lawmakers advocate for total repeal, others suggest a more nuanced strategy—retaining successful programs while eliminating those that fall short. House Speaker Mike Johnson articulated this balance succinctly, stating the reform should be “somewhere between a scalpel and a sledgehammer.” Potential Benefits of ReformRevising or repealing ineffective tax credits may help allocate government resources more wisely. The key question is whether replacing or repealing these initiatives will stimulate more substantial economic growth without exacerbating the current inflationary pressures. Discussions focus on reallocating funds to areas that can yield immediate benefits for taxpayers and communities.

03.19.2025

How Will the Future of EU Tobacco Taxation Embrace Harm Reduction?

Update The Changing Landscape of EU Tobacco Taxation As Europe stands on the brink of significant transformation in its tobacco taxation strategy, the anticipation grows for the upcoming updates to the EU Tobacco Excise Tax Directive (TED). With the European Council expected to unveil this vital update in 2025, it’s clear that member states must reassess their approach to tobacco taxation in light of innovative harm-reduction products. Embracing Harm Reduction for a Healthier Future The principle of harm reduction is gaining recognition across the EU, especially with Sweden leading the way. By advocating for products with reduced harm profiles, Sweden has been able to lower its smoking rates remarkably. Exploring this model can provide critical insights for other EU nations aiming to reduce health burdens associated with smoking while generating steady tax revenue. Current Tax Structures and Challenges The current framework mandates a minimum excise duty—€1.80 per pack of 20 cigarettes, alongside a requirement of 60% of the retail price. However, these rigid structures can drive consumers towards illicit markets where regulations do not exist. Hence, a more flexible tax structure that adjusts rates based on the harm classification of tobacco products can discourage illicit trade and steer consumers towards safer alternatives. Integration of Risk-Reduced Products The significant rise of risk-reduced products, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, poses an essential consideration for policymakers. While the TED currently includes some taxation measures for cigarettes, ignoring these alternatives could be a missed opportunity. Taxation should not only seek to deter consumption but should also incentivize the adoption of less harmful products, which can markedly improve public health outcomes. Lessons from Sweden: A Case Study Sweden's experience with snus, a smokeless tobacco alternative, provides a compelling model for the effectiveness of harm reduction in public policy. By fostering an environment where snus is preferred over combustion products, Sweden has successfully reduced its smoking rates to the lowest within the EU. This remarkable achievement underscores the importance of understanding consumer behavior and tailoring tax policies that favor less harmful options. Conclusion: The Road Ahead for EU Tobacco Taxation The upcoming revision of the Tobacco Excise Tax Directive represents an extraordinary opportunity for the EU to reshape its tobacco taxation policies towards public health enhancement. Embracing harm reduction, integrating risk-reduced products, and learning from member state experiences such as Sweden could cultivate a healthier future for European citizens. Policymakers must act with a forward-looking approach that prioritizes innovation over punitive taxation to make a real impact on public health.

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